Product quality is the result of the comprehensive action of human, machine, material, method, environment and measurement (5M1E). Quality risk comes from the quality management system, information transmission, work flow, processing and manufacturing, product inspection and other processes and support activities. Only by identifying all kinds of risks affecting product quality can effective control measures be taken to avoid quality risks.

Quality is a set of inherent characteristics to meet the requirements of the degree, and quality management is one of the system engineering in the formation of modern enterprise system, it is accompanied by the development of enterprises, only good quality products can support the sustainable development of enterprises, and only the implementation of strong quality management, in order to breed high-quality products.

It can be said that the level of quality management is reflected in the actions of each employee, carried out in the ideology of employees, and ultimately crystallized in products and services.

01.

1.

Quality management system refers to the management system that directs and controls the organization in terms of quality. Each manufacturing enterprise will establish a corresponding quality management system that meets international standards, foreign standards, national standards, national military standards and other standards according to their respective product categories and customer groups.

In order to cope with diversified product categories, enterprises need to build appropriate quality management systems according to different situations and user quality requirements. For example, military products need to meet the requirements of GJB9001B quality management system, while foreign customers need to meet the requirements of AS9100C quality system. These different quality systems are integrated together. At the same time, their quality control requirements are slightly different, and these quality requirements act on the product manufacturing process at the same time, bringing quality risks in the implementation.

2.

An effective quality management system defines the quality requirements of various aspects of work from product design, raw material procurement, processing and manufacturing, product inspection to after-sales service, etc. As a subsystem of the quality management system, the work content is highly related and its own system. In the field of management, there is no strict distinction between system and system, which can be called either system or system.

Each link needs complete construction of quality assurance conditions, and the construction level of the subsystem is restricted by various realistic conditions, which is the product of the combination of standard requirements and management practice, which will cause product quality assurance risks.

02.

Equipment quality information Information that reflects equipment quality requirements, status, changes, and related factors and their relationships, including data, materials, and documents.

All kinds of quality information related to products accompany the whole life cycle of products, with large amount of information, long transmission process and many participants. In order to achieve the quality requirements consistent with text and reality, each link must ensure timely, true and accurate information transmission. The complex transmission process of information flow requires quality management means and technical status control methods to adapt to it. A slight error will bring serious quality risk.

03.

Process, also translated as process, is short for "the process of work flow". These work requires the participation and cooperation of multiple departments and posts, and there will be work acceptance and circulation between these departments and posts, so the process can also be said to be "cross-department and cross-post work process".

The process itself is the carrier of business actions, and it is one of the key contents of modern enterprise management research. For example, the raw material incoming inspection process of an enterprise, the business process has 4 different functional departments with division of labor and cooperation, and the raw material incoming inspection work can be effectively completed according to a certain process.

However, not all the business work of the enterprise is guided by the flow chart, and each department completes the corresponding work according to their respective division of responsibilities. When the division of responsibilities of a certain work is unclear in the process, the whole process will be interrupted or the purpose of adding value to the business cannot be achieved, which will lead to quality risks.

04.

A process is a set of interrelated or interacting activities that transform an input into an output. Hewhart, the founder of modern quality management, believes that product quality is not tested out, but produced, and the focus of quality control should be placed on the manufacturing stage.

There are many factors affecting the quality of the manufacturing process, such as process documents, personnel, equipment and tooling, equipment, methods and environment, etc. Only various quality elements are in a controlled state in order to process qualified products.

At the same time, the quality control of general process, special process and key process is different, such as the special process needs to confirm the process parameters, personnel, equipment, auxiliary materials, process methods, working conditions, etc. The quality control of special process focuses on the product process elements, while the key process mainly puts forward more requirements for the physical quality inspection of products. It is necessary to fully identify the various quality characteristics of the product, such as 100% size inspection, and any loopholes in this process will produce irreversible quality risks.

05.

Inspection is the conformity evaluation through observation and judgment, properly combined with measurement and test. Product inspection shall meet the following conditions:

There should be a sufficient number of qualified inspection personnel;

It is necessary to have a practical and effective testing environment and perfect testing means;

To use a set of clear and objective test standards;

A set of scientific and strict inspection management system should be adopted.

Only by meeting these conditions can we avoid the quality risk from the system. In order to achieve this goal, work needs to be carried out in the following aspects.

1.

Post competence is the main content of inspection team construction, and personnel is the most unstable factor among the six elements of quality, and also the basic motivation to ensure the effective development of inspection work.

Inspection team construction needs to be close to the reality, pay attention to effectiveness, to improve quality, competent for the post as the goal, fully practice the identification, check, prevention, reporting of the post responsibilities, first of all to meet the quality requirements, love and dedication, rigorous style, strict self-discipline and harmonious interpersonal relations, and secondly to have the theoretical knowledge to perform the job, business knowledge and master the necessary technical ability to carry out work. Only an inspector with these skills can be a qualified quality guardian.

2.

Process technical documents are the basis for product acceptance and specify the work content and method of inspection from the source, while evaluating the correctness of inspection content and method is the main work of measurement system design, including the setting of inspection procedures, acceptance standards, inspection methods, selection of measuring equipment to meet the quality characteristics of products and the degree of testing requirements, etc. Only when the process documents can be guided, operable and executable, can the error and leakage inspection be eliminated from the source, the quality control ability be improved, and the quality risk be prevented.

Product inspection should start from practicing the concept of quality, realize the quality improvement of the whole value stream, and pragmatically promote the "three changes". The focus of work should be changed from after-the-fact checking to pre-prevention, the working method should be changed from inspection checking to exposing problems and supervision and improvement, and the reward and punishment incentive should be changed from result-oriented to positive incentive of exposing problems. Do a solid job in the whole process management of "source control, process control, quality delivery", and promote the continuous improvement of product quality.

3.

In the case of a product, inspection is the activity of observing, measuring or testing one or more quality characteristics of the product, measuring it and comparing it with the specified requirements to determine whether it is qualified or not. It needs to make full use of various testing methods to confirm that the quality characteristics of the processed products meet the requirements of the technical documents, that is, the document is consistent with the reality, and the acquisition technology of this confirmation data is the inspection technology.

The acquisition of product quality characteristics is not a single inspection method and technology can meet, it needs to maximize the integration of various detection methods and technologies, in order to ensure the full acquisition of product quality characteristics, this is the role of the system, product inspection technology system, the various units are interrelated and support each other. Inspection system through such as basic management, visual inspection, size measurement, assembly inspection and other inspection technology content organically integrated into the whole, forming a joint force, in order to play the inspection control function.

Product quality assurance requires a lot of meticulous work, to team management as a platform, to team building as the core, to quality risk prevention as a means, to eliminate error and leakage inspection as the principle, to continuous improvement as the driving force, to improve the quality reputation of the system as the goal, around the elimination of "careless, careless" to find a way, Brainstorm and brainstorm to solve the quality risks in various practices, establish an efficient risk identification and prevention mechanism, and finally realize the prevention and control of risks.